Web applications are interactive programs that run inside web browsers. Built on a client-server model, they combine a front end (what users see and interact with) with a back end (the server logic, databases, and APIs that power functionality). This architecture gives organizations the ability to deliver powerful, dynamic services that are globally accessible — … Ler mais
Networking is the foundation of IT and security. At its simplest, a network enables two computers to communicate with each other. But once you scale beyond two machines, the complexity grows. Suddenly, you’re dealing with topologies (mesh, tree, star), mediums (Ethernet, fiber, coax, wireless), and protocols (TCP, UDP, IPX, and beyond). For security professionals, understanding … Ler mais
About Android What is Android? Android is a mobile operating system primarily designed for touchscreen devices such as smartphones and tablets. Built on a modified version of the Linux kernel, it offers flexibility, scalability, and a wide ecosystem of applications. The system was initially developed by the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of technology companies, … Ler mais
Introduction to Sessions A user session is a series of requests sent by the same client and the server’s corresponding responses over a limited time window. Web apps rely on sessions to remember who each user is and what state they’re in. Sessions let an app apply access controls, language or region preferences, and other … Ler mais
Many of us interact with Apple products daily—whether through a MacBook, iMac, iPhone, or iPad. Behind these sleek devices lies Apple’s family of operating systems, with macOS serving as the foundation for desktop and laptop computers. Though Apple’s ecosystem also includes iOS, iPadOS, tvOS, and watchOS, much of its DNA traces back to macOS (originally … Ler mais
Introduction to Windows For a penetration tester, it’s essential to have a working knowledge of different technologies. Among the most important are Windows and Linux, since these two operating systems make up the majority of the environments encountered during security assessments, whether they are hosted on-premises or in the cloud. A solid understanding of both … Ler mais
Linux Structure Linux, as you might already know, is far more than just another operating system. It is a cornerstone in the world of cybersecurity—valued for its robustness, flexibility, and open-source nature. From powering personal computers and servers to being the backbone of mobile operating systems like Android, Linux is everywhere. For anyone pursuing a … Ler mais
In today’s hyperconnected world, most of us spend hours online each day—whether it’s shopping, banking, working remotely, or just scrolling through social media. While we go about our digital routines, a silent army of cybersecurity defenses works behind the scenes to protect us. From the moment we type a password, connect to Wi-Fi, or click … Ler mais
Intro to Web Proxies Modern web and mobile apps spend most of their time communicating with back-end services — sending data, receiving responses, and then rendering or processing that data on the client (browser, mobile app, etc.). Because so much logic now lives on servers, testing and securing those back-end endpoints is a major focus … Ler mais
Introduction Learning to deobfuscate code is a crucial skill for anyone working in cybersecurity, reverse engineering, or malware analysis. Obfuscation is a common technique attackers use to hide what their code is really doing. For example, during red team operations, you may encounter malicious JavaScript designed to look meaningless at first glance but actually used … Ler mais
The vast majority of the apps and websites we use every day communicate over the web. At the heart of that communication is HTTP — the Hypertext Transfer Protocol. In simple terms, HTTP is the language clients (browsers, mobile apps, scripts) and servers use to request and deliver resources (HTML pages, images, JSON APIs, files). … Ler mais
In today’s interconnected world, network traffic is constantly flowing between systems, applications, and users. Every packet that traverses a network contains valuable information — some of it benign, some of it sensitive, and sometimes even malicious. This is where network traffic analysis (NTA) comes into play. Whether you are on the defensive side (monitoring for … Ler mais